在雅思写作Task 1中，路程图（Process Diagram）和趋势图（Trend Graph）是常见题型，能否精准描述流程、趋势和数据变化，直接影响分数，掌握核心句型不仅能提升文章流畅度，还能展现词汇多样性与语法准确性，以下从结构、句型、实战案例三部分，帮助考生快速突破。
路程图的核心结构
路程图通常分为线性流程（如生产制造）和循环流程（如自然现象），无论哪种，描述时需确保逻辑清晰，衔接自然。
线性流程结构
- 开头段：简要说明流程主题（如“该图展示了纸张回收的步骤”）。
- 中间段：按顺序分步描述，使用连接词体现先后关系。
- 结尾段：总结流程结果或目的（非必须，但可加分）。
例句：
"The diagram illustrates how recycled paper is produced, from collection to final reuse."
循环流程结构
- 强调流程的重复性，用“returns to”“repeats”等词汇。
例句："After the final stage, the cycle begins again with the collection of raw materials."
高分句型分类与应用
描述步骤的万能句型
- 被动语态（突出流程客观性）：
- "The raw materials are transported to the factory."
- "Each component is assembled by automated machines."
- 时间状语引导：
- "Once the data is gathered, it is analyzed for patterns."
- "Prior to distribution, the products undergo quality checks."
衔接逻辑的过渡词
- 顺序连接：
"Subsequently", "Following this", "In the next phase"
- 因果连接：
"As a result", "Consequently", "This leads to"
段落示例：
"First, the plastic bottles are sorted by color. Subsequently, they are cleaned to remove impurities. Following this, the material is shredded into flakes, which are then melted to form pellets."
数据趋势的精准表达
路程图中若含时间或数量变化，需结合趋势词汇：
- 上升： "A gradual increase", "A sharp rise"
- 下降： "A steady decline", "A sudden drop"
- 波动： "Fluctuates between X and Y"
例句：
"Between 2000 and 2010, the production of solar panels experienced a dramatic surge, peaking at 2 million units annually."
避免常见错误
-
时态混乱：流程描述通常用一般现在时，历史数据用过去时。
- 错误："The bottles were sorted and are cleaned."
- 正确："The bottles are sorted and cleaned."
-
过度重复词汇：
替换“step”为“phase”“stage”；“show”改为“demonstrate”“depict”。
-
遗漏关键细节：如单位（tonnes, percentage）、比较级（twice as high as）。
实战案例解析
描述水循环过程（循环流程）。
范文节选：
"The natural water cycle begins with the evaporation of seawater under sunlight. Subsequently, the vapor condenses into clouds, which are carried by wind to inland areas. Once the clouds become saturated, precipitation occurs in the form of rain or snow. The water then either infiltrates the soil to recharge groundwater or flows into rivers, eventually returning to the ocean to repeat the cycle."
分析：
- 使用被动语态（“is carried”“are transported”）保持客观。
- 衔接词（“Subsequently”“Once”“Then”）明确步骤顺序。
- 结尾点明循环特性，呼应题目要求。
个人观点
雅思写作的路程图并非单纯测试词汇量，而是考察信息整合与逻辑表达能力，建议考生在练习时，先列出流程关键词，再用不同句型串联，多积累同义替换词，并限时模拟真实考试环境，坚持两周针对性训练，多数学生能在Task 1中稳定拿到6.5分以上。
