雅思说明文写作模版
雅思写作考试中,说明文（Task 1）要求考生在20分钟内完成150字以上的图表描述或数据对比分析，许多考生在这一部分失分，主要原因在于未能清晰呈现数据趋势、遗漏关键信息或表达不够准确，本文提供一套高效的雅思说明文写作模版，并结合最新数据示例，帮助考生快速掌握高分技巧。
雅思说明文写作结构
一篇优秀的说明文通常包含4个部分：
- 引言（Introduction）：改写题目，说明图表类型及主要内容。 Overview）**：总结主要趋势或最显著特征（2-3句）。
- 细节段（Details）：分2段详细描述数据，对比或分析变化。
- （无需结论）：说明文不需要总结，避免重复概述内容。
示例模版：
Introduction
The [chart/table/diagram] illustrates/shows/displays [主题], comparing [关键数据] between [时间/国家/类别].
Overview
Overall, it is evident that [最显著趋势]. Additionally, [次要趋势].
Details (Paragraph 1)
The most noticeable change is [具体数据], rising/falling from [数字] in [时间] to [数字] in [时间].
Details (Paragraph 2)
In contrast, [对比数据] remained stable/fluctuated slightly, with [具体数值].
最新数据示例分析
示例1：全球碳排放趋势（2024）
根据国际能源署（IEA）2024年报告，全球主要经济体的碳排放量变化如下：
| 国家 | 2019年（百万吨） | 2023年（百万吨） | 变化率 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 中国 | 10,175 | 10,890 | +7% |
| 美国 | 5,285 | 4,920 | -6.9% |
| 欧盟 | 3,540 | 3,210 | -9.3% |
| 印度 | 2,615 | 2,950 | +12.8% |
写作示例：
The bar chart compares carbon emissions in four major economies between 2019 and 2023, based on data from the International Energy Agency (IEA).
Overall, China and India saw an increase in emissions, whereas the US and EU experienced a decline.
In detail, China’s emissions rose by 7%, reaching 10,890 million tons in 2023. Similarly, India recorded a sharp 12.8% growth. By contrast, the US and EU reduced their emissions by 6.9% and 9.3% respectively, reflecting stricter environmental policies.
示例2：全球智能手机市场份额（2024 Q1）
根据Counterpoint Research最新数据，2024年第一季度全球智能手机品牌占比为：
- 苹果：21%
- 三星：20%
- 小米：12%
- OPPO：10%
- 其他：37%
写作示例：
The pie chart depicts the market share of leading smartphone brands in Q1 2024, according to Counterpoint Research.
Apple and Samsung dominated the market, accounting for 21% and 20% respectively. Chinese brands Xiaomi and OPPO held 12% and 10%, while other manufacturers made up the remaining 37%.
高分技巧
（1）数据选取与对比
- 突出极值：最高/最低数据必写。
- 对比差异：使用“while”“whereas”等连接词。
- 趋势描述：上升（surge, climb）、下降（plummet, decline）、平稳（remain stable）。
（2）避免常见错误
- 勿主观猜测：如“The increase was caused by…”（除非题目要求）。
- 勿遗漏单位：确保写明“%”“million tons”等。
- 勿照抄题目：改写题目关键词（如“show”→“illustrate”）。
（3）词汇多样性
- 上升：increase, rise, grow, climb
- 下降：decrease, fall, drop, decline
- 波动：fluctuate, vary, experience changes
实战演练
The graph below shows the percentage of renewable energy in total electricity generation (2010-2023). Summarize the information.
数据来源：IRENA（国际可再生能源机构）2024年报告
| 年份 | 全球可再生能源占比 |
|---|---|
| 2010 | 20% |
| 2015 | 23% |
| 2020 | 29% |
| 2023 | 34% |
范文：
The line graph illustrates the proportion of renewable energy in global electricity production from 2010 to 2023, based on IRENA statistics.
Overall, renewable energy usage consistently increased over the 13-year period.
In 2010, renewables accounted for 20% of total electricity generation. This figure rose gradually to 23% by 2015. The most significant growth occurred between 2020 and 2023, jumping from 29% to 34%, likely due to global carbon neutrality policies.
掌握这套模版后,考生可快速适应各类图表题型，雅思说明文的核心在于精准、简洁、逻辑清晰，避免冗余描述，确保数据呈现完整且易读。
