在雅思写作考试中,流程题（Process Diagram）是Task 1的常见题型之一，要求考生描述一个自然或人工过程的步骤，这类题目不仅考察考生的逻辑组织能力，还着重检验词汇的准确性和多样性，掌握恰当的流程题词汇，能够帮助考生清晰、连贯地表达信息，从而在评分标准中的“词汇丰富度”和“连贯与衔接”两项中获得高分。
流程题的核心词汇分类
描述步骤的动词
流程题的核心在于动作的先后顺序,因此动词的选择至关重要，以下是高频使用的动词及短语：
-
开始阶段：
begin, start, commence, initiate
例句：The process begins with the collection of raw materials. -
中间阶段：
proceed, continue, move to, advance, undergo
例句：The liquid then undergoes a filtration process. -
结束阶段：
conclude, finish, complete, finalize
例句：The cycle concludes with the distribution of the final product.
表示顺序的连接词
清晰的逻辑关系是流程题的关键,以下词汇帮助考生自然衔接步骤：
-
初始步骤：
firstly, initially, at the first stage
例句：Initially, the raw materials are transported to the factory. -
中间步骤：
subsequently, afterward, then, next, following this
例句：Subsequently, the mixture is heated to 100°C. -
最终步骤：
finally, ultimately, in the last stage
例句：Ultimately, the product is packaged for retail.
被动语态的运用
流程题通常强调过程的客观性,因此被动语态使用频率较高：
- The data is analyzed by the software.
- The materials are sorted into different categories.
表示变化的词汇
流程图中常涉及状态或形式的转变,以下词汇可精准描述：
- transform, convert, change into, turn into
例句：The liquid is converted into gas through evaporation. - dissolve, condense, evaporate, solidify
例句：The solution is heated until it evaporates.
避免重复：同义词替换技巧
雅思写作评分标准强调词汇的多样性,因此考生需灵活运用同义词。
- “Show” 可替换为：illustrate, depict, demonstrate
- “Use” 可替换为：utilize, employ, apply
- “Make” 可替换为：produce, manufacture, create
常见流程图类型及对应词汇
自然过程（如水循环、光合作用）
- 关键词汇：evaporation, condensation, precipitation, absorption
例句：Sunlight triggers the evaporation of water from the ocean.
工业生产（如水泥制造、塑料回收）
- 关键词汇：grind, melt, mold, recycle, compress
例句：The plastic waste is melted and molded into new products.
生物过程（如蜜蜂酿蜜、人类消化）
- 关键词汇：extract, secrete, digest, absorb
例句：Bees extract nectar from flowers to produce honey.
高分句型模板
-
强调顺序：
After X is completed, Y begins.
例句：After the mixture cools, it is poured into molds. -
描述循环过程：
The cycle repeats when…
例句：The cycle repeats when the vapor condenses into clouds. -
比较步骤差异：
Unlike the previous stage, this step requires…
例句：Unlike the heating phase, this step requires rapid cooling.
常见错误及改进建议
-
过度使用主动语态：
- 错误：Workers pack the products into boxes.
- 改进：The products are packed into boxes.
-
忽略时间逻辑：
- 错误：The liquid boils. It is poured into a container.
- 改进：After the liquid boils, it is poured into a container.
-
词汇单一：
- 错误：The process starts… then it starts…
- 改进：The process commences… subsequently, it initiates…
实战演练
以下是一个流程图的高分范例（题目：矿泉水生产流程）：
The process begins with the collection of groundwater from natural springs. Subsequently, the water undergoes filtration to remove impurities. Following this, it is stored in large tanks where minerals are added to enhance taste. The water is then bottled using automated machinery, and the bottles are labeled and packaged. Finally, the products are distributed to supermarkets for sale.
个人观点
雅思写作流程题并非单纯测试词汇量,而是考察考生如何用学术语言清晰呈现信息，通过系统积累动词、连接词和被动语态，考生能够显著提升表达的严谨性，建议在备考阶段多练习不同主题的流程图，并对照评分标准反复修改，逐步培养对流程描述的敏感度。
