雅思写作Task 2常涉及全球性议题,富国是否应该帮助穷国”是高频话题之一,这类题目不仅考察考生的语言能力,还要求具备清晰的逻辑思维和充分的论据支持,本文将深入分析如何高效构建论证框架,提供实用的写作技巧,帮助考生在考场上快速组织观点,写出高分作文。
审题与立场选择
通常以以下形式出现:
"Some people believe that wealthy nations should provide financial aid to poorer countries, while others argue that it is the responsibility of their own governments. Discuss both views and give your own opinion."
面对这类讨论型题目,考生需注意:
- 避免绝对化立场:完全支持或反对都可能导致论证单薄,建议采取平衡观点,再明确倾向。
- 明确核心关键词:如“financial aid”(经济援助)、“responsibility”(责任)等,避免偏题。
推荐结构:
- 开头段:背景引入 + 双方观点简述 + 个人立场
- 主体段1:支持富国援助的理由
- 主体段2:反对富国援助的理由
- 主体段3:个人观点(可偏向一方或提出折中方案)
- 结尾段:重申立场 + 升华论点
高分论点与论据库
支持富国援助的论证角度
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人道主义责任(Humanitarian Obligation)
- 富国拥有更多资源,帮助贫困国家减少饥饿、疾病(如非洲的疟疾防治)。
- 例证:联合国“可持续发展目标”(SDGs)要求发达国家贡献GDP的0.7%用于国际援助。
-
全球利益关联(Global Interdependence)
- 贫困导致移民潮、恐怖主义等跨国问题,富国无法独善其身。
- 例证:欧洲难民危机部分源于中东战乱,援助可减少后续问题。
-
经济互利(Economic Benefits)
援助可帮助穷国发展市场,为富国企业创造新机会(如中国对非洲基建投资带动双边贸易)。
反对富国援助的论证角度
-
援助效率问题(Aid Ineffectiveness)
- 部分资金被腐败政府挪用(如委内瑞拉),未能惠及民众。
- 例证:世界银行报告指出,某些国家援助款中仅30%用于实际发展项目。
-
依赖性问题(Dependency Syndrome)
长期援助可能削弱穷国自主发展能力(如部分非洲国家依赖粮食援助,忽视农业改革)。
-
国内优先原则(Domestic Priorities)
富国需先解决自身贫困、医疗等问题(如美国部分州的基础设施老化)。
语言提分技巧
避免空洞表达,多用具体数据
- 低分句:"Rich countries have a lot of money."
- 高分句:"OECD nations account for over 70% of global GDP, enabling them to allocate funds for international aid."
使用学术化连接词
- 表对比:"Whereas some argue…, others contend…"
- 表因果:"Consequently, this may lead to…"
- 表举例:"A case in point is…"
灵活运用复杂句型
- 虚拟语气:"Were wealthy nations to increase aid, it could alleviate poverty in the short term."
- 非谓语结构:"By investing in education, developed countries can empower local communities."
常见误区与修正
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观点重复
- 错误:连续两段都写“援助能减少贫困”。
- 修正:第一段谈人道主义,第二段分析经济连锁效应。
-
论据缺乏权威性
- 错误:"Many people think aid is good."
- 修正:"According to a 2023 World Health Organization report, foreign aid reduced child mortality by 40% in Sub-Saharan Africa."
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忽视题目指令 要求“Discuss both views”,但只写一方观点会导致TR(任务回应)扣分。
实战范文片段
开头段示例:
Global economic inequality remains a pressing issue, with developed nations possessing significantly more resources than their poorer counterparts. While some advocate for financial assistance as a moral duty, others insist that self-reliance is paramount. This essay will examine both perspectives before concluding that targeted aid, coupled with capacity-building programs, offers the most viable solution.
主体段示例(支持援助):
Proponents of international aid emphasize its role in fostering global stability. For instance, the European Union’s funding for vaccination programs in low-income countries not only saved lives but also curbed the cross-border spread of diseases like COVID-19. Such initiatives demonstrate how aid can serve mutual interests rather than being mere charity.
结尾段示例:
Ultimately, while unconditional aid may breed dependency, a collaborative approach—where wealthy nations provide technology and education alongside funds—can empower poorer countries to achieve sustainable growth. In an interconnected world, shared prosperity is not just altruism but a strategic imperative.