雅思写作中,复杂句的使用是评分标准中的重要一环，考官会通过考生是否能灵活运用复杂结构来判断语言能力是否达到高分标准，本文将详细解析复杂句的构建方法，并结合最新数据与权威案例，帮助考生提升写作水平。
什么是复杂句
复杂句（Complex Sentence）由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成，通过连接词（如because, although, when, which等）将信息整合，使表达更严谨、逻辑更清晰。
Although renewable energy is becoming more popular, many countries still rely heavily on fossil fuels.
该句中,“Although renewable energy is becoming more popular”是从句，而“many countries still rely heavily on fossil fuels”是主句。
复杂句在雅思写作中的重要性
根据雅思官方评分标准（IELTS Band Descriptors），写作7分及以上要求考生：
- 使用多种复杂结构（a variety of complex structures）
- 减少语法错误（with minimal errors）
2023年British Council发布的《全球雅思表现报告》显示，中国考生在写作单项的平均分为5.5分，语法多样性”是主要失分点之一，掌握复杂句的写法至关重要。
如何构建复杂句
使用状语从句（Adverbial Clauses）
状语从句用于表达时间、原因、条件、对比等关系，常见引导词包括：
| 类型 | 引导词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 时间 | when, while, after | When governments invest in public transport, traffic congestion decreases. |
| 原因 | because, since, as | Since electric cars produce zero emissions, they are considered environmentally friendly. |
| 条件 | if, unless, provided that | If global temperatures continue to rise, many coastal cities will face flooding. |
| 对比 | although, whereas, while | Although solar energy is sustainable, its initial cost remains high. |
使用定语从句（Relative Clauses）
定语从句用于修饰名词,使句子更丰富，常见关系代词：who, which, that, where。
- 限定性定语从句（无逗号）：
The government should fund projects that reduce carbon emissions.
- 非限定性定语从句（有逗号）：
Renewable energy, which includes solar and wind power, is crucial for sustainability.
使用名词性从句（Noun Clauses）
名词性从句可作主语、宾语或表语，常见引导词：that, whether, how, why。
- 主语从句：
Whether the government should ban plastic bags remains a controversial issue.
- 宾语从句：
Many experts argue that climate change is the greatest threat to humanity.
最新数据支持复杂句的运用
根据国际能源署（IEA）2024年报告，全球可再生能源占比已达30%，但化石燃料仍占主导地位，考生可结合数据构建复杂句：
Although renewable energy accounts for 30% of global electricity generation (IEA, 2024), coal and oil continue to dominate the energy market.
再如,世界卫生组织（WHO）2023年数据显示，空气污染导致全球700万人早逝，可写成：
Because air pollution causes 7 million premature deaths annually (WHO, 2023), governments must enforce stricter environmental regulations.
避免常见错误
-
从句不完整：
❌ Many people believe that the importance of education.（缺少谓语）
✅ Many people believe that education is important. -
连接词误用：
❌ Despite renewable energy is clean, it is expensive.
✅ Although renewable energy is clean, it is expensive.
-
主谓不一致：
❌ The government, along with many companies, are investing in green technology.
✅ The government, along with many companies, is investing in green technology.
练习方法
-
句子合并练习：将两个简单句合并为复杂句。
- 原句：Many students study abroad. They want to improve their language skills.
- 合并：Many students study abroad because they want to improve their language skills.
-
仿写高分范文：分析剑桥雅思真题中的复杂句结构并模仿。
-
语法检查工具：使用Grammarly或IELTS-Bro纠正语法错误。
雅思写作的高分并非依赖堆砌复杂句,而是合理运用，确保逻辑清晰、语法准确，通过持续练习和数据分析，考生可以逐步掌握这一技巧，在考试中脱颖而出。
