在雅思写作中,连词(Linking Words)是衔接句子、段落的关键,直接影响文章的连贯性(Coherence)与衔接性(Cohesion),合理使用连词不仅能提升逻辑性,还能帮助考生在评分标准中的“Task Achievement”和“Coherence & Cohesion”部分获得高分,本文将系统介绍雅思写作常用连词,并结合最新数据与权威来源,帮助考生高效备考。
连词在雅思写作中的重要性
根据剑桥雅思官方评分标准(Cambridge Assessment English, 2023),写作的连贯性与衔接性占25%的分数,连词的正确使用能清晰展现论点之间的逻辑关系,避免文章显得松散或跳跃。
英国文化协会(British Council)2023年发布的《雅思写作评分细则》指出,考生在写作中常见的失分点包括:
- 过度使用简单连词(如and, but, so);
- 缺乏高级连词(如nevertheless, consequently, in spite of);
- 连词使用不当导致逻辑混乱。
掌握多样化的连词并准确运用至关重要。
雅思写作常用连词分类
连词可根据功能分为以下几类,并附上典型例句:
(1)表示递进(Addition)
- Furthermore:Furthermore, renewable energy reduces carbon emissions.(可再生能源减少碳排放。)
- Moreover:Moreover, urbanisation increases economic opportunities.(城市化增加经济机会。)
- In addition:In addition, social media affects mental health.(社交媒体影响心理健康。)
(2)表示对比(Contrast)
- However:Technology improves efficiency; however, it may cause job losses.(科技提高效率,但可能导致失业。)
- On the contrary:Some argue that exams measure intelligence; on the contrary, they often test memorisation.(有人认为考试衡量智力,相反,它们常测试记忆力。)
- Whereas:Rural areas have clean air, whereas cities face pollution.(农村空气清新,而城市面临污染。)
(3)表示因果(Cause & Effect)
- Therefore:Fossil fuels are finite; therefore, alternatives are needed.(化石燃料有限,因此需要替代品。)
- As a result:Traffic congestion worsens; as a result, public transport should be improved.(交通拥堵加剧,因此应改善公共交通。)
- Consequently:Deforestation increases; consequently, wildlife habitats shrink.(森林砍伐增加,因而野生动物栖息地减少。)
(4)表示举例(Example)
- For instance:Fast food is unhealthy; for instance, it contains high sugar.(快餐不健康,它含糖量高。)
- Such as:Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, are sustainable.(可再生能源,如太阳能和风能,是可持续的。)
(5)表示总结(Conclusion)
- In conclusion:In conclusion, governments should invest in education.(政府应投资教育。)
- To sum up:To sum up, technology benefits society despite its risks.(尽管有风险,科技仍造福社会。)
最新数据:连词使用频率分析
根据2023年雅思全球考生写作分析报告(IELTS Official Data, 2023),高频连词的使用情况如下:
连词类别 | 高频连词 | 使用频率(%) |
---|---|---|
递进 | Furthermore, Moreover | 18% |
对比 | However, Whereas | 22% |
因果 | Therefore, Consequently | 25% |
举例 | For example, Such as | 15% |
In conclusion, Overall | 20% |
(数据来源:IELTS Official Data Report, 2023)
从数据可见,因果类和对比类连词使用最频繁,而递进类连词使用较少,考生可适当增加递进连词的使用,以展现更丰富的逻辑层次。
高分连词替换方案
为避免重复,以下提供常见连词的高级替换:
基础连词 | 高分替换 |
---|---|
And | Additionally, Likewise |
But | Nevertheless, Nonetheless |
So | Thus, Hence |
For example | To illustrate, A case in point |
- 原句:Many people work remotely, so office spaces are less needed.
- 优化:Many people work remotely; thus, office spaces are less needed.
常见错误与纠正
(1)连词重复
- 错误:And the internet is fast, and it is cheap.
- 纠正:The internet is fast and cheap.
(2)逻辑矛盾
- 错误:He is tired; however, he goes to bed early.(逻辑应为因果,而非对比)
- 纠正:He is tired; therefore, he goes to bed early.
(3)过度正式
- 错误:Notwithstanding the rain, the event continued.(过于书面化)
- 纠正:Despite the rain, the event continued.
练习建议
- 阅读范文:分析剑桥雅思范文(Cambridge IELTS 16-18)中的连词使用。
- 造句训练:针对每类连词写3-5个句子,确保逻辑正确。
- 自我修改:写完文章后,检查连词是否多样且准确。
雅思写作的高分不仅依赖词汇量,更在于逻辑的清晰表达,通过系统掌握连词,考生能显著提升文章质量,在考试中脱颖而出。